Thus, there is a dire need to bring to attention the development of an RNA vaccine against CHIKV infection. To avoid undesirable circumstances, various studies have suggested that in contrast to the prior one, the RNA vaccine is a more effective and productive therapeutic option. People with weak immune systems and pregnant women are normally regarded as safe recipients of such immunizations. The only available vaccine in use contains an inactive entire virus, containing the complete chikungunya organisms that have had their genetic information deleted and hence cannot cause infections. There is currently no available vaccine or proper drugs for the treatment of chikungunya viral infection. This makes the E1 an essential target protein for developing vaccines against chikungunya virus. As a result, the CHIKV E1-A226V mutation can change the biological features of E1 protein, which includes fusion ability, explaining the A. Additional data from similar alphaviruses such as Sindbis virus (SINV) and Semliki Forest Virus (SFV) suggest that at the 226th position of E1 glycoprotein, the valine residue regulates virus–cell membrane fusion’s reliance on cholesterol. The majority of the chikungunya virus strains from Cameroon carried alterations in the envelope proteins (E1-A226V, E2-L210Q, and E2-I211T), which are known to raise CHIKV adaptability and infectious capacity in Aedes albopictus. The new Central African clade CHIKV (Cameroon strain) appears to be emerging dominantly with the mutations in recent studies. The E1-A226V, E2-I211T, and E1-T98A mutations highly increase the chances of CHIKV survival in A. The geographical spread of the CHIKV virus was aided by the E1-A226V mutation, which has high carrier competency for the A. The E1 protein is more significant as it uses a hydrophobic subunit to enter the target and refold itself into a hairpin-like structure. The class I transmembrane glycoprotein, also known as E2 envelope protein, has been associated with receptor binding throughout the virus lifecycle. The E1 envelope glycoprotein is a class II fusion protein that promotes membrane fusion driven by low pH during viral infection. E1 and E2 are viral spike proteins that enhance the virus’s ability to adhere to cell surface receptors and easily penetrate. The 5′ORF, translation from the viral genome, encodes the non-structural elements nsP4, nsP3, nsP2, and nsP1, while 3′ORF, translation from the sub-genome, produces a polyprotein which is converted into various structural proteins, such as two peptides (6K and E3), envelope (E2 and E1), and capsid (C). It is a single-stranded RNA-containing virus that has a genetic material of roughly 12 kb in size. It is a member of the Togaviridae family, genus Alphavirus, which includes O’Nyong-nyong, Mayaro, and the Ross River viruses, having a high capability of causing disease in humans.
Pet28a snapgene verification#
The proposed designed vaccine construct may proceed with experimental testing for further efficacy verification and the final development of a vaccine against chikungunya virus infection.Īn arbovirus designated as the chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is transmitted by the Aedes species of mosquito and is the cause of fever and disabling arthritogenic sickness affecting millions of people worldwide.
Additionally, in silico cloning was also performed to design a vector for proceeding towards in vitro experimentation. The secondary structure was generated for validation of the mRNA vaccine construct sequence. Various sequences, including 3′ and 5′ UTR regions, Kozak sequence, poly (A) tail, etc., were introduced into the sequence for the construction of the final mRNA vaccine construct. The following design was then back-translated in nucleotide sequence and codons were optimized according to the expression host system ( H.
It was validated by proceeding to docking and MD simulation studies. The resulting T and B lymphocytes epitopes were screened by various immunoinformatic tools and a peptide vaccine construct was designed. We have utilized the reverse vaccinology approach to determine epitopes that would generate adaptive immune reactions. Herein, we have developed a computationally constructed mRNA vaccine construct featuring envelope glycoprotein as the target molecule to aid in the treatment process.
There is currently no commercially available drug or vaccine for chikungunya virus infection and the treatment is performed by symptom reduction. This virus’ name originated from a Makonde term used to describe an illness that changes the joints and refers to the posture of afflicted patients who are affected by excruciating joint pain. Chikungunya virus is an alphavirus transmitted by mosquitos that develops into chikungunya fever and joint pain in humans.
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